List of DSM neurodevelopemental disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder
To be diagnosed with ASD, and individual must have displayed symptoms starting in early childhood, and those symptoms must impair the individual's ability to function in day-to-day life.
Social and Communication Deficits
In order to receive a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder, a person must have all three of the following deficits:
Repetitive and Restrictive Behaviors
In addition, the individual must display at least two of these behaviors:
The latest revision of the DSM will be released in May of 2013. There are some significant changes to the definition of autism.
One, Rather Than Five Disorders
Previously, there were five autism spectrum disorders, each of which had a unique diagnosis: Autistic Disorder or classic autism, Asperger's Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), Rett's Syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
In the latest revision of the DSM, these disorders will not exist as separate diagnoses on the autism spectrum. Instead, with the exception of Rett's Syndrome, they will be subsumed into the diagnosis of "Autism Spectrum Disorder." Rett's Syndrome will become its own entity and will no longer be part of the autism spectrum.
Changes to Core Diagnostic Criteria
The previous version of the DSM had three core criteria for diagnosis:
The DSM-V Development Team explains that it is difficult to separate communication deficits and social deficits, since these two areas overlap significantly. Communication is often used for social purposes, and communication deficits can dramatically affect social performance.
Language Delays Not Part of DiagnosisPreviously, a language delay was a significant factor in diagnosis classic autism. In addition, individuals with Asperger's Disorder could not have a language delay in order to receive that diagnosis.
The new version of the DSM will not include language delay as a criterion for diagnosis. Because language delays could occur for many reasons and weren't consistent across the autism spectrum, the DSM-V Development Team felt that they should not be required for diagnosis.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD
At least six of the following ADHD symptoms often apply:
Inattention
Hyperactivity
Some hyperactive-impulsive or inattentive symptoms that caused impairment were present before age 7.
Some impairment from the symptoms is present in two or more settings (e.g., at school [or work] and at home).
There must be clear evidence of clinically significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.
The symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of a pervasive developmental disorder, schizophrenia, or other psychotic disorder, and are not better accounted for by another mental disorder (e.g., mood disorder, anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder, or a personality disorder).
- Autism spectrum disorder
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder
To be diagnosed with ASD, and individual must have displayed symptoms starting in early childhood, and those symptoms must impair the individual's ability to function in day-to-day life.
Social and Communication Deficits
In order to receive a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder, a person must have all three of the following deficits:
- Problems reciprocating social or emotional interaction - This can include difficulty establishing or maintaining back-and-forth conversations and interactions, inability to initiate an interaction, and problems with shared attention or sharing of emotions and interests with others.
- Severe problems maintaining relationships - This can involve a complete lack of interest in other people, difficulties playing pretend and engaging in age-appropriate social activities, and problems adjusting to different social expectations.
- Non-verbal communication problems - This can include abnormal eye contact, posture, facial expressions, tone of voice, and gestures, as well as an inability to understand these non-verbal signals from other people.
Repetitive and Restrictive Behaviors
In addition, the individual must display at least two of these behaviors:
- Extreme attachment to routines and patterns and resistance to changes in routines
- Repetitive speech or movements
- Intense and restrictive interests
- Difficulty integrating sensory information or strong seeking or avoiding behavior of sensory stimuli
The latest revision of the DSM will be released in May of 2013. There are some significant changes to the definition of autism.
One, Rather Than Five Disorders
Previously, there were five autism spectrum disorders, each of which had a unique diagnosis: Autistic Disorder or classic autism, Asperger's Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder - Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), Rett's Syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
In the latest revision of the DSM, these disorders will not exist as separate diagnoses on the autism spectrum. Instead, with the exception of Rett's Syndrome, they will be subsumed into the diagnosis of "Autism Spectrum Disorder." Rett's Syndrome will become its own entity and will no longer be part of the autism spectrum.
Changes to Core Diagnostic Criteria
The previous version of the DSM had three core criteria for diagnosis:
- Language challenges
- Social deficits
- Stereotyped or repetitive behaviors
The DSM-V Development Team explains that it is difficult to separate communication deficits and social deficits, since these two areas overlap significantly. Communication is often used for social purposes, and communication deficits can dramatically affect social performance.
Language Delays Not Part of DiagnosisPreviously, a language delay was a significant factor in diagnosis classic autism. In addition, individuals with Asperger's Disorder could not have a language delay in order to receive that diagnosis.
The new version of the DSM will not include language delay as a criterion for diagnosis. Because language delays could occur for many reasons and weren't consistent across the autism spectrum, the DSM-V Development Team felt that they should not be required for diagnosis.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD
At least six of the following ADHD symptoms often apply:
Inattention
- Fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities.
- Has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or
- Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.
- Does not follow through on instructions and fails tofinish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (not due to oppositional behavior or failure to understand instructions).
- Has difficulty organizing tasks and activities.
- Avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort (such as schoolwork or homework).
- Loses things necessary for tasks or activities (e.g., toys, school assignments, pencils, books, or tools).
- Easily distracted by extraneous stimuli.
- Forgetful in daily activities.
Hyperactivity
- Fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat.
- Leaves seat in classroom or in other situations in which remaining seated is expected.
- Runs about or climbs excessively in situations in which it is inappropriate (in adolescents or adults, may be limited to subjective feelings of restlessness).
- Has difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly.
- Appears “on the go” or acts as if “driven by a motor.”
- Talks excessively.Blurts out the answers before the questions have been completed.
- Has difficulty awaiting turn.
- Interrupts or intrudes on others (e.g., butts into conversations or games).
Some hyperactive-impulsive or inattentive symptoms that caused impairment were present before age 7.
Some impairment from the symptoms is present in two or more settings (e.g., at school [or work] and at home).
There must be clear evidence of clinically significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.
The symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of a pervasive developmental disorder, schizophrenia, or other psychotic disorder, and are not better accounted for by another mental disorder (e.g., mood disorder, anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder, or a personality disorder).